Mycorrhiza is the symbiosis of some fungi and plant roots in soil. The main function of mycorrhizal fungi is to expand the root absorption surface and increase the absorption capacity of elements (especially phosphorus) outside the absorption range of protoroot hairs. Mycorrhizal fungal mycelium not only expands to the soil around the root, but also connects with the host plant tissue. On the one hand, it absorbs sugars and other organic substances from the host plant as its own nutrition, on the other hand, it absorbs nutrients and water from the soil to supply the plant. Mycorrhiza is a common symbiotic phenomenon in nature. It is a symbiont formed by mycorrhizal fungi in soil and higher plant roots. In view of its important role in nature, mycorrhiza research has attracted more and more attention of scholars all over the world. At present, it has been widely recognized that mycorrhizal symbionts can improve the absorption and accumulation of soil mineral nutrients, promote plant drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, salt resistance, disease resistance and tolerance to heavy metal stress in the ecosystem. Some mycorrhiza have the ability to synthesize bioactive substances (such as vitamins, gibberellin, cytokinin, plant growth hormone, enzymes and antibiotics), which can not only promote the good growth of plants, but also improve the disease resistance of plants.
Mycorrhiza can strengthen the absorption of water and mineral nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and calcium, and provide plants with metabolites such as auxin, vitamin, cytokinin, antibiotic and fatty acid to promote plant growth. Mycorrhiza can also improve the resistance of plants to pathogen infection and extreme environments such as temperature, drought, over acid or over alkali. In this symbiotic system, plants provide a good ecological environment and organic nutrients for mycorrhizal fungi. Many experiments show that inoculation with pure culture of mycorrhizal fungi plays an important role in tree seedling cultivation and barren mountain afforestation. In barren soil, mycorrhizal effect is particularly obvious. Mycorrhizal fungi can effectively promote the absorption of water and various mineral elements, and increase the stress resistance of plants. On the ecosystem scale, mycorrhizal fungi are an important part of the ecosystem. They play an important role in the occurrence, succession and floristic composition of plant communities, and affect various ecological processes of plants in the natural ecosystem.
Mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the whole ecosystem. Firstly, for the influence of plant physiological characters, mycorrhizal fungi can promote the absorption and utilization of N, P, K and some trace elements, improve the nutritional status of plants, and significantly improve the biomass and quality of plants. Secondly, mycorrhizal fungi can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements and water, and improve the drought resistance, disease resistance and resistance to heavy metal pollution. Thirdly, mycorrhizal fungi also play an important role in ecological restoration and stability. The extraroot hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi can degrade the organic pollutants in the environment into simple compounds and sugars that can be absorbed and utilized by themselves through special ways; Mycorrhizal fungi can also adsorb and fix heavy metals and accelerate the reclamation of mining areas; In the natural ecosystem, mycorrhizal fungi can maintain the stability of species resources in the ecological environment by promoting the growth of plants.
Post time: Dec-21-2021